Assessment & Grading in the Classroom Essay -- Teaching School Educati

Assessment & Grading in the Classroom Grading and testing is usually a mandatory part of teaching. Most schools let the teachers decide how and when to test, as long as the letters A, B, C, D, or F appears on a student’s report card. Teachers may not like the fact that some failing grades will have to be given, but as long as their way of grading is fair to every student, it is something that they will have to deal with. There are many methods of measuring a student’s ability to accomplish a task. However, many students freeze under normal testing procedures and may need to be evaluated in another manner. Also, it is important for teachers to understand fair grading procedures so students can best benefit from effective tests. By knowing the main ways of measuring student achievement, and proper formats for grading, students can be evaluated correctly. (Fairtest, 98) There are two main ways of evaluating a student’s work: objective tests and essay questions. Objective testing places emphasis on a precise, efficient focus on a student’s knowledge of defined variables (Kopeikin, 2000). That is, a teacher can use this format to measure a specific amount of a student’s knowledge. This can include multiple-choice, matching, true-false, and fill in the blank formats of testing. These kinds of testing are best used for checking whether students have learned facts and routine procedures that have one, clearly correct answer. In some subjects, carefully written test questions with planned outcomes can accurately distinguish students who grasp a basic concept from those who do not (Fairtest, 98?). With multiple-choice questions, a teacher can strategically place answer choices in a manner that will best evaluate what her students have... ...ridge, MA 02139. (1998). Multiple-Choice Tests. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.fairtest.org/facts/mctfcat.html FoCAL Points Issue 23. (2003). Assessment is Active Learning. Retrieved March 11, 2004 from Public Education Network website: http://www.publiceducation.org/pdf/FocalPoints/Assessment_Is_Active_Learning.pxxxxdf Kopeikin Ph.D., Hal S. (2000). Evolution of Objective Testing Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/~kopeikin/121lec14.htm National Capital Language Resource Center NCLRC 2011 Eye St, NW Suite 200, Washington D.C. 20006. (1997). Portfolio Assessment Retrieved March 11, 2004 from http://www.nclrc.org/portfolio/6-5.html Trice, Ashton D. (2000) A Handbook of Classroom Assessment. United States: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Woolfolk, Anita (2004) Educational Psychology. 9th ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

How Computers Are Essential in Criminal Justice Field

Computers take part in a big role in the Criminal Justice Field. So far computers have allowed us to make it accessible for witnesses to go through and look for a suspect's picture on the screen. Computers have enabled us to be able to do DNA testing. Which now only takes the labs a short time to process, and finding criminals from cases 15+ years ago can now be charged for their actions. There are laptop computers in police vehicles; therefore, police officers can look up information right then and there instead of having to wait until they get back to the station. Some cars even have the wireless Internet connection that goes through satellite which allows them to do even greater things. Computers have also allowed the use of fingerprinting to expand. Agencies can now take someone’s fingerprints and send them through the computer and find out if they are linked to any other cases going on at the time, or any other cases in the past. A computer forensic scientist or technician is still considered a cutting edge profession in the criminal justice field. With the increase of cybercrime, cyberterrorism, identity theft, and Internet child predators, computer forensic scientists are needed to track seemingly traceless criminals. Computer forensic scientists work with law enforcement officials, legal teams, independent companies and the government to conduct investigations, retrieve evidence and sometimes even testify in court. Computer forensic scientists are in high demand because they need to have a very thorough, practical knowledge of computers, networks, hacking, data retrieval, information security, and computer surveillance, as well as criminal justice concepts like confidentiality, privacy laws, evidence handling and more. Generally, computer forensic scientists are supervised during their work by a forensic scientist, and they must have the ability to work well in stressful situations. Depending on the casework, these professionals may also encounter irregular schedules and long overtime hours. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the job outlook for computer forensic investigators will be excellent for the next several years. This prediction is for self-employed investigators as well as those employed by a firm. Investigators who work on their own will enjoy more flexibility, but may make far less or far more than they would in a firm. Salary for self-employed investigators varies on their geographic location, experience and number of clients. You can read also King v Cogdon Firms offer more stability and usually provide benefits like paid vacation and health insurance. The average salary reported in 2006 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was $33,750 for private investigators, although those in the computer forensics field generally earn higher salaries. The median range for private investigators settled between $24,180 and $47,740. Computer forensic scientists and investigators are expected to be highly educated professionals, so a bachelor’s degree is required. A Master’s degree in a field like computer science of criminal justice can be extremely beneficial to acquiring the top level jobs, as students in these programs will learn about all the cutting edge technologies, systems and concepts needed to succeed in computer forensics. A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally a computer consists of some form of memory for data storage, at least one element that carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control element that can change the order of operations based on the information that is stored. Peripheral devices allow information to be entered from external source, and allow the results of operations to be sent out. A computer's processing unit executes series of instructions that make it read, manipulate and then store data. Conditional instructions change the sequence of instructions as a function of the current state of the machine or its environment . The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as â€Å"computers†. However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous. In the global village called the internet, not everyone plays nice. You always hear of the word â€Å"hack†. It is mostly used in relation to invading of computers. Most of these are not entirely true but computer network systems do get hacked. If and when it does happen, it usually involves something sinister. Even employees of companies do engage in snooping or to use our favorite word, hacking. The birth of the internet has led to more of this. Anyone can be anything online. This is why fraud, phishing, and identity theft happen. The computer has become an important part of everyday life. Sending letters have been entirely changed by emails. Communications have been dominated by instant and text messaging. Portable storage devices that were an exclusive preserve of Information Technology professionals are now used by the general public. I think you are already getting the idea of why computer forensics are needed. In the event that hacking does occur, the computer forensic will do the following: 1. Like any other investigation, the computer forensic must handle the area as a crime scene. He or she will take digital photographs and secure documentary evidence. This will include printouts, notes and disks in the scene. If you are the one who hired the computer forensic expert, you should leave everything to them. The computer system should be left as is whether it is turned on or off. If the computer was left on, the analyst will gather all the information that he or she can from the running applications. The computer will then be shutdown in a way that the data will not be lost. Doing a standard shutdown or pulling the plug is not an option. Both of these methods may cause the loss or damage of the data in the computer system. 2. The forensic investigator must then document the configuration of the system as you would document a crime scene. This should include the order of hard drives, modem, LAN, storage subsystems, cable connections, and wireless networking hardware. The analyst may make a diagram to go along with the digital photographs. They will also take portable storage devices within the area that may contain substantial evidence. 3. The computer forensic expert must take all the evidence to the lab. This is because the analyst should not examine the evidence in the same hardware. People who engage in cyber crimes are also aware that important data can be retrieved to convict them. Countermeasures, viruses and booby traps may be installed in the system to damage electronic evidence. Analysts take the hard drive in their lab instead to make an exact duplicate of its contents. This process is called Imaging. Analysts have their own tools to make sure that the data is copied completely and accurately. The duplicate will then be verified by an algorithm. The data is then examined and analyzed. The analyst makes a report of his or her findings and the process that was taken during the investigation starting from the acquisition of the data. This evidence will be presented in court if prosecution is necessary. Notable civil engineering projects, whose pioneers included Isambard Kingdom Brunel, contributed to the advancement of railway transport systems. Other advances pioneered in the UK include the marine chronometer, the jet engine, the modern bicycle, electric lighting, the steam turbine, the electromagnet, stereo sound, motion pictures, the screw propeller, the internal combustion engine, military radar, the electronic computer, photography, aeronautics, soda water, IVF, nursing, antiseptic surgery, vaccination and antibiotics. Scientific journals produced in the UK include Nature, the British Medical Journal and The Lancet. In 2006 it was reported that the UK provided 9 percent of the world's scientific research papers and a 12 per cent share of citations, the second highest in the world after the US. In the 1950s the UK had more Physics Nobel Prizes than any other nation, despite its relatively small size.

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Physiological Aids in sport, what they are and what they...

Physiological aids are banned substances and methods that athletes use within competition and training to improve their performance. Physiological aids are used in sport as they help an athletes performance. Some aids help to increase heart rate, adrenaline rate and stimulate the body but other aids lower the heart rate and change the growth of muscles and bones. Sport is suppose to help us learn from defeat and victory, encourage us to participate in team sports, encourage a spirit of co-operation, and interdependence, and mainly encouraging moral and social values. It also means that an individual person can lead a healthy lifestyle while performing and also helping the individual to bring about a healthy, integrated society. There†¦show more content†¦This drug is also detected within the urine. Before, during and after exercise, it is essential that sportsmen and women take in a considerable amount of fluid, this is because dehydration can occur resulting in other side effects and also excessive loss of water effects the heart and kidneys, they could fail which mean this could be fatal to the athlete. Narcotics Narcotics help an athlete to push himself harder and further because his pain threshold is bigger, it helps him to continue exercising/ competing even when injury has occurred. Narcotics have similar effects to heroin or morphine. Narcotics are strong painkillers and they are usually competitors are tested for them when they compete. Many narcotics are illegal substances and not just in sport, these drugs are potentially addictive. Side effects from these drugs can seriously put an athletes performance in jeopardy because if the athlete continues to exercise, whilst injured it can cause further injury, even though narcotics stop the pain once they wear off the pain will be worse, like all other drugs they also cause loss of balance, lack of concentration, nausea and even vomiting, constipation and breathing/ respiratory problems. These drugs can become addictive. Detection of these drugs is also through the urine by gas chromatography. Peptide hormones There are many different substancesShow MoreRelatedGenetic Screening and Physiological Testing in Young Athletes1545 Words   |  7 PagesFor children, such as the disappointed little girl, hoping to become an elite athlete, it would be useful to have an available tool to help them decide on a sport to pursue based on what their body’s type and capacity is. 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Depression in Adolescents-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Depression in Adolescents. Answer: Depression In Adolescents Depression in adolescents is common and if left untreated can bring long-term negative consequences like drug abuse, bad behaviors, and suicide. In this case, it is very important for parents, mental health workers, educators, and the entire society to be in a position to identify the signs, risk factor, and symptoms that relate to depression. The paper will discuss on some of the factors that predispose adolescents to poor health and depression. In the case of Aisha, the first cause of depression could be associated to the hormonal changes. According to Henry (2014), girls are more likely to be depressed as compared to boys due to the use of certain drugs like birth control pills and medication to control of acne. Second, psychosocial factors like childhood abuse or neglect can expose adolescents to depression. For instance, if Aisha had experienced emotional or physical abuse during her childhood, it could be the reason behind her depression. Finally, family history or parental depression can expose adolescents to depression. For instance, Aisha admits that she had experienced depression in the past which means that family history could be a contributory factor to her depression. In addition, depression in parents can influence adolescents into depression. Therefore, it is important for parents to relate appropriately with their parents in order to protect them from situations that can expose them to depression (Reynolds J ohnston, 2015). In conclusion, depression and suicide in adolescents is common. Suicide is one of the risk fact associated with depression, therefore, it is important for parents and educators to look out for signs of depression in order to protect adolescents from poor mental health as a result of depression References Henry, W. M. (2014). Depression in adolescents. InAdvances in clinical child psychology(pp. 261-316). Springer US. Reynolds, W. M., Johnston, H. F. (Eds.). (2015).Handbook of depression in children and adolescents. Springer Science Business Media. 22(34) pp. 110- 450

The outsiders Essay Example

The outsiders Essay Epilogue For The Outsiders How do you feel Johnny, your flirts sunset up close and personal? I asked him Its amazing Dad! I love it. We continued staring into the radiant beams of the sun until Johnny popped the question I was dreading all those years. Dad? Yes son? I answered, knowing what he was going to ask. How did I get my name? took a long sigh. l had a friend when I was a bit older than you, his name was Johnny, an amazing friend to have who didnt deserve to leave my friends and I. I said, tears swelling In my eyes Dad, are you crying? Im fine dont worry about me I said blinking back the tears. Oh k Dad, your friend Johnny sounded like a great friend to have, what happened to him? Perhaps I should show you Johnny, come on lets go. We arrived at the local cemetery with Johnny In my hand and the cold frosty air of winter blowing across the tall-untreated grass. This place is giving me the creeps Dad, can we go now Johnny requested No come on son we have to go visit Johnn y and show our love for him. We kept walking in silence and noticed a red flower hiding under the blades of grass. I grabbed It and it suddenly reminded me of the red of cherries Cherry Valance. We finally reached the tombstones of Johnny Cede and beside him, Dally Winston. Johnny Cede 1950-1966 Dallas Winston 1949-1966 placed the flower between the two graves and stood there In silence, and then I told Johnny the story. Johnny always got beat up by his parents and rich kids, he never felt safe and always wanted to die. One day we were face to face with some rich kids and one of their names was Bob. We started verbally fighting each other when Bob grabbed me by he head and was attempting to drown me in a fountain. At that point I was so scared, I was afraid and actually thought I was going to die not experiencing love, traveling around the world and having you Johnny. I was sobbing at this point. Johnny was the reason I am soul alive right now. He saved me, he was the one who killed Bob. We had to flee and luckily Dally knew a place we could hide from the cops. We traveled by train to a Church in Windmills, where things took a turn for the worst. We will write a custom essay sample on The outsiders specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The outsiders specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The outsiders specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Johnny was about to own up and face the cops when we passed the church we dated In. It was burning. Johnny and I looked at each other and we knew we had to save them. I made it but he didnt He broke his back and died a slow death. He wrote a letter to me and said Stay gold Pony, Its a great way to I stopped; I looked at my beautiful son, Blonde hair and blue eyes. Then I thought of the way I digger sunsets, watching movies by myself and at that moment I truly understood what Johnny was trying to tell not only me, but Dally too. I smiled. Come on Johnny, lets go home.